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Dr. Sunita Kapoor, Director and Consultant Pathologist at City Xray & Scan Clinic Pvt. Limited
The thyroid gland plays an important role in regulating various body functions including metabolism, growth and development. When the thyroid gland malfunctions, it can result in either an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). Here are some common symptoms associated with thyroid disorders and the tests used to diagnose them:
Tests to Diagnose Thyroid Disorders
,Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) test: It measures the level of TSH in the blood. A low level of TSH indicates an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism).
,Free T4 Test: It measures the level of free thyroxine (T4), the active thyroid hormone, in the blood.
,Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test: Evaluates how much iodine your thyroid gland absorbs. An increased uptake suggests hyperthyroidism.
,Thyroid Scan: Involves injecting a radioactive substance to examine the structure and function of the thyroid gland.
Symptoms to Diagnose Thyroid Disease
,Weight gain or loss: One of the most characteristic symptoms of thyroid disease is unexpected weight gain or loss. Weight gain can be a sign of hypothyroidism, a disorder marked by low thyroid hormone levels. Conversely, if the thyroid produces more hormones than the body needs, you may lose weight unexpectedly. This is known as hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism is far more common.
,Neck swelling: A visible sign that the thyroid may be malfunctioning is a bulge or enlargement in the anterior neck. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can result in goiter. Thyroid nodules, or masses that develop inside the thyroid, can also cause neck swelling. It can also be brought on by factors unrelated to the thyroid.
,Changes in energy or mood: Thyroid disorders can have a noticeable effect on your energy level and mood. Hypothyroidism makes people feel tired, lethargic and depressed. Hyperthyroidism can cause anxiety, difficulty sleeping, restlessness and irritability.
,Changes in heart rate: Almost every organ in the body is affected by thyroid hormone, which can also change how fast the heart beats. Hypothyroid patients may notice that their heart rate is slower than normal. Hyperthyroidism can result in an increased heart rate. Additionally, it can result in palpitations as well as an increase in blood pressure and a pounding sensation.
,Hair loss: Your energy level and mood can be greatly affected by thyroid conditions. People with hypothyroidism often experience hair loss, cold sensitivity, fatigue, lethargy and depression. Hyperthyroidism, as mentioned earlier, can cause anxiety, sleep disturbances, restlessness and irritability, as well as fine brittle hair, increased sensitivity to heat, and shivering.
Dr Sunita Kapoor is Director and Consultant Pathologist at City Xray & Scan Clinic. The views expressed in the article are the author’s own and do not reflect the views of Zee News.
